Earliest American Literature was English and Literary Essay

Earliest American writers were Englishmen who came to Jamestown, Virginia, the first of the permanent settlements of the English in America. These writers included John Smith, the author of A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Hapned in Virginia Since the First Planting of that Colony, which is now resident in the South part thereof, till the last returne from thence; William Stratchey, author of True repertory of the wreck and redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, July fifteenth, sixteen hundred and ten; and the famous English poet, George Sandys, who completed Ovid’s Metamorphosis on the American soil (â€Å"Early Colonial Literature†). Since none of these writers were acquainted with American culture as we know it, their works must be considered English literature composed on the American soil. Although Smith’s A True Relation was a letter written to his friend in England, it is literary in the modern sense of the word. Like other pieces of historical literature, A True Relation is educational for the modern reader. What is more, the writer’s arrangement of the narrative is rather vibrant, making it by no means appear as everyday writing (Smith). Like Smith, Stratchey also wrote for readers back in England but his writing style was more masterful. Describing a shipwreck on the way to America, he writes, â€Å"The clouds gathering thick upon us, and the winds singing and whistling most unusually†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stratchey). In fact, Stratchey’s style is poetic throughout his work, rendering it not only literary but a work of art (Stratchey). Of course, Sandys’ translation of the Metamorphosis is incomparable. It continues to be a well-known piece of literature composed on the American soil by one of the first Englishmen to arrive in Jamestown bringing the spirit of the true English poet to the New World (Sandys). Because all three writers came from England carrying their own culture to the American soil, their works composed in America were entirely English. Moreover, all three writings mentioned were first published in England. Perusing these interesting, skillfully composed writings leaves no doubt in the modern reader’s mind that these works are literary indeed. Hence, earliest American literature must be described as English and literary. Works Cited â€Å"Early Colonial Literature. † Bibliomania: Free Online Literature and Study Guides. 11 Jan 2009. . Sandys, George. George Sandys, Ovid’s Metamorphosis (1632). 11 Jan 2009. . Smith, John. A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Hapned in Virginia Since the First Planting of that Colony, which is now resident in the South part thereof, till the last returne from thence. 11 Jan 2009. . Stratchey, William. True repertory of the wreck and redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, July fifteenth, sixteen hundred and ten. 11 Jan 2009. .

Film Opinion Essay

When I decide to drive to the movie theater or to sit down and enjoy a film, several factors play in my choice of movie. Most of the time, it depends on the mood that I am in. Am I in the mood for something light and funny? Or do I want to submerge myself into a detail-oriented film such as Inception? I take into consideration whether I have enjoyed the actors in previous films, and if I think they will provide the entertainment I am looking for. Has the trailer engaged me long enough to make me interested in the film? Or has the advertising flooded me with information that makes me feel as though the film will be another flop and not worth my time? These are all questions I ask myself when I start to think about watching a movie. Generally, I don’t take movie critic reviews into consideration because I have been disappointed several times in the past, but I will listen to what friends have to say about their experience with the movie. I enjoy most films across all genres. I enjoy when the stories are detailed, and provide a history of the characters, whether through flashbacks or dialogue. I prefer comedies to be humorously dark, sarcastic, or dry. With dramas or action flicks, I prefer for the protagonist to have some tragic faults that lead to their outcome or victory to be sweeter or to justify a better cause than them. I enjoy dialogue-heavy films with actors who can portray the character in a way that makes me believe in them. The recent run of comic-based movies is thoroughly enjoyable to me, due to the rich storytelling and deep backstories from the comic books that the movies accompany. Seeing those characters given life by actors that pull off the mannerisms and attitudes helps ensnare new fans into the world of comics. Science fiction films draw me in because I have always been intrigued by the idea that our technological advancement will eventually cause issues that could lead to humanity’s downfall. When I can watch movies over and over again and find new, interesting subplots or Easter eggs, it makes the experience more rewarding. I do not enjoy films with plotlines that do not make sense, create a story too difficult for the medium to translate properly for the audience, or when movies start plotlines but do not see them through. When watching horror films, slasher films do not pique my interest as much as psychological or religious horror films do. I try to stay away from the general run of the mill action films that come out every summer, that tend to have the same formula as a lot of other action movies. In rare instances, the soundtrack of a film will turn me away if it does not fit the mood and movement of the film. This makes them very predictable and unenjoyable to me. I also find it difficult to watch movies that are based on books but take too many liberties and do not follow the book’s storyline. All in all, I enjoy watching movies and do so several times a week if I have the time. Whether it be new films or favorites that I have watched many times, it is always good to escape from reality for a short time and to relax. Movies have always been a good conversation piece for my circle of friends, and are usually what we choose to do when we get together. I find that I have no problem sitting down and starting any movie at home to see if it will capture my interest, but when it comes to paying for a ticket, I am more picky because I do not want to feel as though I wasted my money.

Analyse how contrast between characters helped the author communicate an important message or idea

Mister Pip written by Lloyd Jones is a novel recounted by the protagonist Matilda. Set in 1990’s Bougainville, we see Matilda begin to question her Mother’s traditional idea’s about life as a civil war rages between the rebels and the Redskins in her homeland. Mr. Watts or â€Å"Pop eye† is given the role teaching the village children, being the only educated, and consequentially, white man left on the island. He begins reading Great Expectations to the children and Matilda finds herself becoming entranced in white civilisation. She gets immersed in the story of the white boy â€Å"Pip† living in London in the 1800’s, very much aware his story is in great contrast to her own. Matilda’s Mother has never been out of Bougainville, she knows little to nothing about the outside world and believes in traditional ideas, holding her ancestry and God dear to her. Through the course of the story we see contrast grow between Matilda and her Mother as their values and interests begin to change and set them apart from each other. We see these differences overcome however when the time comes to stand up for the other, the bond of unconditional love conquering all, the author communicating to us how powerful it can be. In the beginning of the novel we get the impression Matilda has never challenged her Mother’s values – her roots, her culture and the Bible. Matilda knows no other world apart from her own, never having been fully exposed to other cultures and ideas – â€Å"What I am about to tell results, I think, from our ignorance of the outside world†. Matilda becomes familiar with white civilisation when Mr. Watts begins reading the children Great Expectations, learning about the way of life in a culture that greatly differs from her own – â€Å"Mr. Watts had given us kids another piece of the world†. She becomes intrigued by Mr. Watts and immersed in the book, entranced by a white boy in the setting of 1840’s London â€Å"By the time Mr. Watts reached the end of chapter one, I felt like I had spoken to this boy Pip. This boy I couldn’t see to touch but knew by ear. I had found a new friend. † In contrast, Matilda’s Mother Dolores had never had such a positive introduction to white civilisation. The white world took her husband away from her – â€Å"The white men took my Father and her husband away† the white world brought war to her homeland by bringing in the Redskins â€Å"The white men were to blame for the blockade †, the white world took Mr. Watt’s wife, Grace away and gave her back in a state of madness. Dolores cannot see past the bad experiences she had with the white world to see that it could provide Matilda with a better future. The white world to Dolores is a damaging place she doesn’t want her beloved daughter to be part of. She doesn’t let Matilda’s obvious interest in it, as Dolores in contrast never had, stop her from protecting Matilda against it with all she has. She wants Matilda to be safe in the world she knows rather than lose her to a world she is ignorant of – â€Å"She didn’t want me to go deeper into that other world. She didn’t want to lose her Matilda to Victorian England†. Firstly Dolores tries to distract Matilda from the story of Great Expectations and Mr. Watts by trying to get her to learn the names of her ancestors by making Matilda write them out in the sand – â€Å"my mum’s response was to reach for our family history and pass on to me all that she knew. † Her ancestors are a very important part of Dolores’s life. It soon becomes clear they are not important to Matilda whereas Pip, an imaginary, yet very real boy in Matilda’s mind is – â€Å"I felt closer to him [Pip] than the names of those strangers she made me write in the sand† When Matilda writes Pip’s name alongside her ancestors Dolores becomes angry at what Matilda values – â€Å"She gave me a look of pure hate†, the plan to pull Matilda back actually pushes her further away, deepening the contrast between them. Dolores does not give up in a quest to do what is for Matilda’s own good. She continues to try and â€Å"save† her daughter, the power of unconditional love overcoming their even more obviously marked differences. Dolores then tries to impose her faith on Matilda in hope she will begin to value God over Great Expectations to lead her away from the white world. Dolores comes unannounced to Matilda’s class and tries to educate the children on the only thing she knows well: the importance of faith â€Å"she didn’t know anything outside what she knew from the bible† but as Mr. Watts ets further through the novel Pip becomes yet even more important to Matilda. Dolores never stops in trying to steer Matilda away from the white world. The world she knows barely anything about, the world she thinks is evil. Despite their ever-increasing differences Dolores will always continue to protect Matilda from what she believes is bad. We see the power of unconditional love shown again through Matilda and Dolores’s contrast when Matilda di scovers Great Expectations to have been stolen by her Mother. When Dolores hides Great Expectations much strife is caused. The Red Skins visit Matilda’s island, threatening to burn all of their possessions unless they give up â€Å"Pip† who is only a character from a book and cannot be given up. Because the book is not where it is supposed to be â€Å"Pip† cannot be explained. The redskins burn the whole villages’ possessions because Dolores fails to come forward and admit to what she had done in order to retrieve the book. Although Matilda’s Mother could not have expected such consequences to have arisen from what she had done, her aims in the first place were not respectable. Dolores goes too far in trying to lead Matilda away from the white world and hides the book more out of her resentment for Mr. Watts and her hatred of Matilda being interested in things she isn’t herself. After Matilda finds out what her Mother does she feels extremely betrayed considering the act petty and selfish – â€Å"There are no words for the feelings of betrayal I had at that time† but chooses not to give her Mother up. Her unconditional love for her Mother wins out over all other emotions, no matter how strong they are. The contrast between Matilda and Dolores ultimately results in a test of the unconditional love felt between them and the author uses Matilda’s decision to show us how very powerful it can be. As the book goes on and the war between the rebels and the Redskins continues to rage, Mr. Watts comes up with a plan for himself, Matilda and supposedly her Mother to leave the island and escape to the white world – â€Å"There is a boat coming on the night after the full moon†. He tells Matilda he will tell her Mum just before they leave- â€Å"Make no mistake, I intend to speak to Dolores. For now though it is just our secret†. Matilda doesn’t doubt Mr. Watts’s word and she presumes her late notification about the trip is because her Mother might give something away with her insolence towards the white way of life, stopping them from going at all – â€Å"I understood- without any need for Mr Watts to spell it out for me – my mum was a risk with that information†. Matilda begins to get excited and impatient to leave, but angry with Mr. Watt’s for leaving it so late to tell her Mum. She brings it up with him –â€Å"â€Å"have you spoken to my Mum Mr Watts? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ thats when I understood, or at least, I thought I did† when it is implied that Mr. Watts may have never been planning on telling Dolores Matilda immediately disregards her longing to go to the outside world, putting the love she has for her Mother first– â€Å"I will not go without my Mum†. She makes it clear that if her Mother wants to stay on the island or if she is not included in the plan, she will not go with Mr. Watts. Despite the fact Matilda wants very different things from her Mother at this point in the novel Matilda expresses automatic unconditional love for her, knowing straight away that the love she has for her is greater than her desire to live in the white world and be different. Matilda again puts the contrast between them aside, and if she can’t be with her Mother while experiencing the white world, she won’t go at all. At the end of the book when the redskins come to their island again Matilda’s Mother pays the ultimate price when she stands up for the memory of Mr. Watts after the redskins kill him. They ask if anyone witnessed his murder, as though daring anyone to say that it had happened. When Matilda’s Mother pays tribute to Mr. Watts and says â€Å"Sir, I saw your men chop up the white man. He is a good man. I am here as God’s witness†. It is a brave, selfless act that she knows will result in dire consequences. She is taken away, Matilda being made to follow soon after. She comes to find her Mother just having been raped – â€Å"When I came around the huts, my Mum was on the ground. A Redskin was on top of her†. The soldiers threaten to do the same to Matilda and Dolores immediately protects her daughter from them pleading â€Å"Please. Have Mercy. See. She is just a girl. She is my only girl. Please. I beg you. Not my darling Matilda†. Regardless of the growing contrast and tension between them Dolores displays the ultimate act of unconditional love, sacrificing herself to stop Matilda getting raped – â€Å"My life. I will give you my life [In return for Matilda not to get raped]†. Dolores puts Matilda’s innocence above her own life, showing she loves her on top of all things no matter how different or interested in the white world she has become. In conclusion we see many situations where the author has used contrast between Matilda and her Mother to communicate the idea of how powerful unconditional love can be. We see both characters put aside their differences to display unquestionable acts of love for the other. The fact that both are able to move on from the other’s contrast to themselves to put their wellbeing first shows that unconditional love between mother and daughter, when it calls for it, is no match for other emotions humans can get caught up with in life.

Kempinski Hotels in United Arab Emirates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kempinski Hotels in United Arab Emirates - Essay Example At the moment the Kempinski Hotel of Ajman is in its growth period and it is expected that it will soon reach its zenith in the hospitality industry. (Sen, 448-50) 2) It is always difficult to enter any industry and the hospitality industry in UAE was no different. However with proper execution of five forces it becomes logically viable for a new company enter into a specified market Michael Porter in his famous idea of the Five Forces condenses his theory regarding the 5 separate forces, which, according to him, influence any given industry. These forces include the force of Rivalry, rampant between all the firms in the industry. Threat of substitutes is another force i.e. the threat posed by outside products which do not belong to the same industry as the product it tends to threaten. Buyer Power Barriers is another which, if high, can even set the price for things available in the market. The next one is the Supplier Power which, if high, can even bite of a good chunk of the manufacturers profit by simply supplying raw materials at a higher price. The last one is the Barriers to Entry, which is the principle key in the hands of the old firm s to keep new firms from entering the market. Porter's five forces train a new competitor to scrutinize these 5 important forces before taking decisions pertaining to strategies your firm might be keen to pursue. Porter is quick to provide antidotes to deal with each of the force he so carefully describes. To combat either of the forces he outlines 3 different types of strategies; the corporate level strategy, the business unit level strategy and the functional or departmental level strategy. These strategies ought to be utilized for successfully confronting and overpowering the problems posed by any of the 5 forces he outlines. From the parameter of the paper it could be stated that Kempinski Hotels did exactly this and thus the entry was made possible with comparative smoothness. 3) In the context of hospitality industry in UAE it can be stated that the Kempinski Hotels made a late movement into the market of UAE. It is a certainty that the first movers enjoy a considerable advantage of over the late movers and in this case hotels like Marco Polo Hotel, Millennium Hotel, Landmark Suites Hotel, Lotus Grand Hotel and Rimal Rotana all penetrated the UAE hospitality market on an earlier date than the Kempinski Hotels. However, with their brand equity of the mother concern and with the incorporation of the effective business strategies the Kempinski Hotels compromised the disadvantages of late entry and came out as winners in the long term. (King, 34-5) 4) Kempinski Hotels started their campaigns in UAE in a high note. Like all successful organizations they followed the path of strategic management and became successful. With the boom of tourism industry in UAE it was logical that there would be a heady demand for accommodation and thus the market can be stated as well secured. It has been reported that the average room occupancy in 5 and 6 star hotels range from 75% to 90% which is extremely high under all conditions. Under such circumstances it would relevant to mention that the basics of the product are already well positioned as the Kempinski Hot

Smoking in public Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoking in public - Research Paper Example But the topic here leaves no room for debate for the opposite side. How come there are any ‘pros’ of smoking in public? A simple search on Google is enough to make one realize, smoking doesn’t really have a pro. Alright, a smoker might argue; the beautiful roll (cigarette) provides the necessary escape from problems (life). But dear smoker, no one asked you to drag everyone sitting at the bus stop to your beautiful fantasy world. Just let them stay in real life and not in the smoke world. ScienceDaily is a popular source of research based news and in one of their post (2009), research shows that among younger individuals and nonsmokers, risk of heart attacks is considerably reduced when they don’t inhale passive smoke (public smoke from someone else sitting at a public place and having that ‘escape’ and insisting others to go on that roller coaster ride for free which reduces life by 11 minutes in a single ride). ScienceDaily’s source for that news is American College of Cardiology. So ban on public smoking reduces heart attacks is a fact not some blogger’s hunch. This needs to be taken seriously by ‘smokriminals’ (short for smoker criminal). The purpose for this thesis is not convince people or authorities through scientific data because there is plenty of that available from every credible/academic ‘.com’. Public smoking is a crime, and if a logical ground is established for that ‘fact’, it would have a better impact on everyone concerned. A logical nugget in favor of the thesis statement; innocent bystanders, the nonsmokers never asked for that ‘free candy’, public-smokers need not to give the free samples. The logic is that every (almost every) smoker agrees that smoking has harmful effect on the body, they know it for a fact. And no matter how hardcore a smoker, he would never smoke near his own infant. ‘Your freedom ends where your nose ends’, and smoke from a cigarette extends to the nose of

Uses of Force by Chicago, New York, La police Research Paper

Uses of Force by Chicago, New York, La police - Research Paper Example Uses of Force by Chicago, New York, La police As maintainers of law and order in the public, police officers should be more cautious on the way they handle people in the public. From sociological and psychological view point, modern study scrutinizes on the determinants of police use of force using data gathered by Garner and Maxwell in 1996- 1997.The information herein entailed the adult custody arrests in six urban law enforcement agencies in the U.S. Dissimilar to most of the recent studies; the degree of force is extended to comprise threat of force as well as varied levels of physical force. The results have revealed strong and reliable evidence that probability os using force and the quantity of force used by the police largely is dependent on what the suspect commits rather than who the suspect is, even after controlling for other factors. The way a suspect is handled and the conduct towards the police seems as the most essential factor explaining the use of force behavior. The results obtained also reveals the effects of race and the gender relations as well as the occurrence of eyewitness and other officers on the outlook. Police use of force The na ture of police to citizen encounter may vary from civil to very fiery, and this may entail both verbal and physical conflict. Acknowledging that characteristics of such nature may encounter alongside with the behaviors of the officers and suspects is essential to comprehend the factors impacting police use of force. All over the world, policing entails and at times demands some amount of force. Bittner (1975) accentuates on this aspect of police work and, moreover, affirms that police are nothing else but a mechanism for the dissemination of situational acceptable force in the society. The law and enforcement officers, are required to use force in particular circumstances, are trained in the use of force, and, in general, encounter numerous situations on their due course of duty when the use of force is required. For instance, in arresting wrongdoers, averting escape, putting into custody the disorderly participants, or when safeguarding themselves and the blameless victims from get ting injured. As it has been confirmed by Skolnick and Fyfe (1993, p. 37), â€Å"as long as the public continues defying law and order, and resist arrest, use of force by the police remains inevitable. Even though the use of force by the police has been significant inn averting and regulating law and order in the society, it has however contributed to alarming rate of social and legal consequences amid the police and the public. This is an aspect that has predominantly resulted towards studying on this essential topic and would enrich our knowledge towards an efficient comprehension in this area of study. Recent research carried out on police use of force reveals that police use force rarely (Adams, 1999; Friedrich, 1980; Garner, Buchanan, Schade, & Hepburn, 1996; Garner & Maxwell, 1999; Worden, 1996). Whether indicated by authorized use of force, (Alpert & Dunham, 1999), the complaints of the citizens, those surveying the officers, the arrestees, citizens or the observational meth ods the recorded data constantly reveal that only a minor portion of police – public relations makes use of force. On the other hand, the encounter amid of the police and the citizen, in which police officers frequently are compelled to make swift decisions may generate inappropriate or unnecessary use of force that may ruin and lower the repute of police authority and authenticity in the public. Among the different theoretical orientations used to explain police use of force, Terrill and Mastrofski (2002) identifies a particular sociological and psychological perspective that

Module 4 Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Module 4 Case - Assignment Example Clorox is an international company with various popular brands for use in households with products for bleach and cleaning. Brands like Green Works provides various products of cleaning, Ayudin and Poett offer home care products, Kingsford’s charcoal, Hidden Valley and K C Masterpiece’s sauces and dressings, Brita provides water filtration products, dilutable cleaner from Pine-Sol, cat litter from Fresh Step, Glad Bags offers containers and wraps and personal care products are provided by Burt’s Bees. The company manufactures various products in more than 24 countries and products are sold in 100 countries (The Clorox Company, 2014). Alaska Air Group, Inc. is a holding company of Alaska Airlines and Horizon air. It is a Seattle based company which serves more than 90 places in the United States, Mexico and Canada. It was founded as Delaware company in 1985. It offers the customers to book flights, cars, vacation packages, hotels and to check route maps and schedule of flights. It also offers lucrative packages in destination like Hawaii, Las Vegas, Disneyland and Mexico (Alaska Airlines, 2014). According to the balance sheet of the company the current assets of the company is $23284 million in the year 2013, and in 2012 it was $21398 million. The long term asset of the company is $18204 million in 2013, and in 2012 it was $15675 million (Bloomberg, 2014). The total current asset of the company is $1420 million in 2013 and in the year 2012 it was $1376 million. The long term asset of the company is $2891 million in the year 2013 and in 2012 it was $2979 million (Bloomberg, 2014). The total current asset of the company is $1762 million in the year 2013 and in the year 2012 it was $1737 million. The long term asset of the company is $4076 million in the year 2013 and in the year 2012 it was $3768 million (Bloomberg, 2014). According to the balance sheet of the company the current

Examine some aspect of Plato's theory of the tripartite soul from Essay

Examine some aspect of Plato's theory of the tripartite soul from Plato's Republic - Essay Example The main objective of this study is to exhaustively tackle this paramount issue by proposing three views: first of all, Plato’s account of the soul would not have committed him to the view that within each part of the soul there are sub-divisions; secondly, the harmony and unity of the soul cannot be achieved by conversation and violence, but only through education. Lastly, by exploring Plato’s education program in The Republic, it is clearly evident that education is the fundamental means of bringing the three parts into harmony and thus makes them one rather than many (8). In the Republic, Plato strongly proposes that the human psyche is divided into three parts mainly appetite, spirit and reason. Through the use of the tripartite soul theory, Plato effectively gives an account on how man can be virtuous. A man who is virtuous is one whose three parts of his soul participate in their appropriate and efficient roles and they are in harmony with each other. It is clear that the paramount concept of order is not only fundamental to the just state but also to the just man. In Plato’s view, the just man cannot be acknowledged without referring to his harmonious and orderly soul. Therefore, the human virtue is dependent on how these psychological elements which are three can harmoniously interact with each other (17). The Tripartite Soul In order to elaborate that people perform each of the three functions with different parts of their soul, Socrates puts forward a principle that â€Å"one and the same thing cannot act or be affected in opposite ways at the same time in the same part of it and in relation to the same object†. This principle is referred to by scholars the Principle of Conflict or Principle of Opposites. In accordance to this principle, it is impossible for something to be at rest and in motion at the same time and in the same part of it. Plato deals with two probable objections to this principle to remove any ambiguities in using it. One is that it is wrong to say that a man, who is standing still and moving his hands, is at rest and in motion simultaneously. Rather, the statement should be that part of the man is standing still and another part of him is moving. The other one is that a spinning top whose circumference is in motion, but whose axis is at rest is moving in one respect but not in another. Plato at this juncture thinks that this noble principle is valid and thus goes on to use it in order to exhibit that there are three parts in the soul (22). Plato states that dissent and assent, aversion and impulse to something are opposite states or actions. Thus, thirst, hunger and appetite desires can be classified as impulses to drink and food. Consequently, man is sometimes unwilling to eat or drink yet he is hungry or thirsty. Thus, according to the Principle of Opposites, there is an element which is different from the one that drives people to crave for food or drink, preventing people from c raving it. The element preventing people from giving way to various unhealthy cravings is reason (39). Additionally to the function of prevention, characterization of reason by Plato is through numerous different ways. Reason is said to be the calculative or reflective element. It is also

Marketing Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing Research Methods - Essay Example Hafalarf, a Lloyds Insurance syndicate is thinking of underwriting a policy to cover students. A market survey needs to be done to determine the level of cover currently in place, examine the attitude of the students to buying insurance cover, and identify the different kinds of insurance available in the market. This paper is in the form of a project report to identify the feasibility of Lloyds entering the college-level insurance sector for students. What is Insurance Web definition: Insurance is a plan in which individuals and organisation who are concerned about potential risks, pay premiums to an insurance company, who in return, will reimburse them if there is loss. To generate a profit, the insurer will invest the premiums it receives. Insurance is covered for almost all products except those that are caused by natural calamities such as, Earthquakes, landslide, hurricane. Insurance cover life, health, home, work, studies, mortgage, etc. Whereas in most cases the insured is paid for his or her loss, with life insurance a beneficiary is paid when the insured person passes away (www.environmentalinvestors.com/glossary/ilIneIns.htm). Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of potential financial loss. it is contract in which one party agrees to pay for another party's financial loss resulting from a specified event. An entity seeking to transfer risk (an individual, corporation, or association of any type) becomes the 'insured' party once risk is assumed by an 'insurer', the insuring party, by means of a contract, defined as an insurance 'policy' (Insurance Information: The Insurance Facts You Need to Know!, http://www.summarized.org/insurance-information.htm). 3.0 Insurance and the global market 2002 was a year of turmoil for the international insurance and reinsurance industry, as many companies faced contrasting fluctuations and challenges. Investment returns fell further, making the need to achieve real underwriting profits even more important. Ratings agencies implemented an unprecedented downgrading of their assessments of the industry's financial strength. Losses under policies written in the latter years of the 1990s required insurers and re-insurers to make substantial reserve additions for billions of dollars. The awareness of risks arising from potential terrorist acts threw many insurers' traditional pricing methodologies out of order. Some companies failed, others withdrew, and a clutch of new competitors joined the global market. Some capital providers fled the sector; others redoubled their commitments. 4.0 Students Insurance Student Medical Insurance is ideal for students who are no longer covered as a dependent under their parents insurance, or who are attending school outside

Work life balance is increasingly used as a strategy to attract and Essay - 1

Work life balance is increasingly used as a strategy to attract and retain employees. Argue the business case for and against implementing Work Life Balance initiatives - Essay Example The family ­ friendly workplace develops systems for organising how work is arranged in order to support workers in achieving a greater integration across their work and personal responsibilities. More formally, a family-friendly workplace "recognises the non ­-workplace family responsibilities of its employees and develops and implements policies that allow employees to simultaneously fulfill work and family responsibilities" (Strachan & Burgess, 1998, p. 251). These policies are considered to be a major recruitment and retention tool. Ezzedeen (2003) defined work-life balance from a holistic, individual domain perspective, as the degree to which individuals are satisfied with their involvement in domains of life they value. Work-life balance is understood as a satisfactory temporal, cognitive, and physical participation in the domain (s) in which one finds meaning, fulfillment and enjoyment (Ezzedeen, 2003). Work-life balance acknowledges that all employees have lives outside of work. Work-life balance illuminates traditional cultural assumptions about gender roles that shape mens and womens experiences in and out ofthe workplace (Redman and Wilkinson, 2006). It challenges the public/private dichotomy of roles and responsibilities by acknowledging that the sex and gender system operates differently in mens and womens lives; such that a man may be stigmatised for taking leave to care for a newborn in much the same way that a woman will be stigmatised for choosing to work after a baby is born. Rapoport, Bailyn, Fletcher, and Pruitt (2002) explain: "Accepting that individual priorities differ, our goal is that men and women should be able to experience these two parts of their lives as not in conflict, or separate, or in need of balance, but integrated. By this we mean that they should be able to function and find satisfaction in both work and personal life, independent of

Mini project 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mini project 2 - Assignment Example From picture 1, there are two main loads that acting on the bridge. These are 1.Dead load, This refer s to the permanent weight of both the structured and non –structure component of the bridge. This include the roadway used by the vehicle on the object , sidewalk and the attached equipments. Dead loads on a bridge are based on material unit and are based on material unit and are of constant magnitude. On designing a bridge dead load, must be estimated. In order to counteracted the resultant effects of the external loads, it is good to compute the final dead load of individual portions of the bridge structure before designing the final supporting members. This refers to the weight of the vehicle that cross the bridge. Each of these individual vehicles comprises of a series of concentrated moving loads that vary in spacing and magnitude. When the loads move, a number of changes are generated in shears, reaction and moments in the members of the structure. The extent of these resultant forces depend on the number of spacing, weight and the position of the loads on the span. To produce the maximum impacts for each stress, the designer must position the line vehicle loads well. From picture 1, it is true that when a piece of material e.g. steel or a steel reinforced concrete is stressed by a force of granite due to the load of the vehicle, the cross sectional material does several things. In general the top must compress [compression forces ] and the bottom must stretch [Tensional forces]. This gives rise to the following stresses as shown in the picture 1. This is the stress that

Digital Smell Technology Essay Example for Free

Digital Smell Technology Essay We all are aware about todays technology evidence, how far it resembles with our day to day life. Everything around us is changing so rampantly. Basics needs in this era of technology are not just limited to three i.e. food, shelter and clothes, people are expecting a lot than this three basic one. If you observe carefully technology mainly focused on our sense of sight and sound, you will find it more interesting and incredible. Now it’s time to add one more sense into the list and that is nose and tough. We all are very quantize with the online shopping through internet, while buying some product on the internet we can see the image of the product. This online shopping is just limited for some products like clothes, mobiles etc. But now you can buy those products which have smell like perfumes, cakes etc. Anything which you will decide to buy from its smell. Means you will be able to smell the object just sitting in front of your computer by using this digital smell technology. Now you might be thinking that how it will be possible ?. California based Dig scents Inc. has developed this technology. A small device connects through your computer or laptop via serial port and has its own driver which produces the smell related to your product in your room. The idea of this technology came from one perfume making company for the advertisement of his perfumes products. This digital smell technology can be used for the security purpose in public places like theaters or some auditorium etc for detecting the odd flavor of some explosive materials. There is USB device which need to connect to your computer via. USB device is called ismell. Which contain some chemicals to produce the all types fragrance using different combinations. For each smell there is some code for respective smell. When user click on that product link client request  the ismell device and the device recognized the coding according to that the respective smell will be escaped from the device and spread into the room.

Learning organisation as a realistic model

Learning organisation as a realistic model The learning and functioning in workplace carries a foremost responsibility to establish a constant learning for the organization. Learning organisation is one of the most significant forms of organisation used in present to shape the future for the success (Belasen 2000). In this type of organisation, learning is a base which assists in the development of most effective career plans and individual skills towards the path selected. In present, most of the organisations are trying to convert themselves in a learning organisation so that it can attain significant benefits related to learning organisation (Coffield 1998). Here, in this report the concept of learning organisation is discussed so that it can be identified that is the learning organization a useful or realistic model at the workplace. It is done in reference to a learning organisation that is IBM. Learning Organisation Learning Organization refers to an organisation in which employees at all levels, separately and conjointly, are incessantly growing their capability to bring forth results they truly care about (Nagwekar n.d.). It is not just the most appealing or existing management trend but it can also furnish organisations with work environment that open and flexible to innovative ideas. It also involves the concepts that provide solutions to continuous work-related troubles that are available among all its employees (Svensson, Randle Bennich 2009). It assists individuals with an ability to strengthen their knowledge base, which gives them with an ability to think significantly and ingeniously. Additionally, it also facilitates workplace individuals with an ability to communicate thoughts and conceptions, and the talent to collaborate with other individuals throughout the procedure of interrogation and action (Belasen 2000). A learning organisation try to create its own future by assuming that learning is a continuous and inventive procedure for its people (Rainbird, Fuller Munro 2004). The learning workplace directs individuals towards a development, adaptation and transformation of themselves in reaction to needs of organisation and as well as customers. It allows employees to work freely so that they can learn and express their ideas and problems and in turn can contribute towards the development of an improved work place (Nagwekar n.d.). This environment also assists individuals in shifting from the conventional authoritarian workplace philosophy to one in which the organisational hierarchy is broken down, and human potency is acclaimed (Coffield 1998). This type of working environment foster a culture in which individuals believe in creating results that they actually want and where they can learn that how they all can learn together for the advancement of all inclusive organisation. This type of organisation furnishes people with reaction to the competencies that is essential for every individual to attain success in its own field (Gould Baldwin 2004). The learning can be increased with the help of different learning approaches like training, rotational experiences, coaching, work-related education, electronic-system learning, and with the help of several other learning-oriented interventions (Lassey 1998). Today most of the organisations are trying to attain benefits of learning organisation as they feel that it is a realistic model but it is not the situation as it is much useful rather realistic (Nagwekar n.d.). An organisation become learning organisation with its own efforts and practices that if not undertaken accurately will not direct towards the creation of a learning organisation. In this type of organisation it is essential to make use of appropriate training programs that may vary according to the needs of specific organisation and its individuals (Belasen 2000). All aspects related to becoming a learning organisation need to be undertaken carefully as otherwise it would not be possible for a firm to use it for its own benefit. If it used effectively can assist a firm with several advantages and abilities to deal with existing challenges related to business, management of internal environment, employees commitment towards learning and working in the direction of organisational goals (Pun Balkissoon 2011). Throughout studies and evaluations, it is identified that there are some disciplines which must be mastered by an organisation if it wants to introduce a useful learning organisation that are as follows: Systems Thinking For becoming a learning organisation, it is essential that the firm develops and ability to envision the big picture and to make out patterns rather than conceptualizing change as obscure events (Belasen 2000). Additionally, there is also a need to think by interconnecting to the whole so that it can become easy to identify that how it operates and what actions can create troubles. Personal Mastery It commences by becoming devoted to lifetime learning and it is the key element of a learning organization (Nagwekar n.d.). Building Shared Visions For creating a learning organisation organisations need to develop a genuine or shared vision that evokes commitment in good and as well as in bad situations and has the potential to unite an organization. Mental Models Managing mental models is also vital as they can obstruct new and prevailing penetrations and organizational practices from being carried out. Until or unless there is no realization and a concentration to openness it is not possible to implement real change. Team Learning It is also critical as almost all modern organisations in present are operating on the basis of team work. It means that if a firms team members do not come together and learn it cannot become a learning organisation (Nagwekar n.d.). The concept of learning organisation is quite useful as it does not only allow firms senior managers to do all thinking but it also appropriates all individuals at all levels to think in regard to the entire organisation. It facilitates all employees to make use of their inner potential with a hope that they can also build something distinctive or unique for their firm. Benefits of Learning Organisation How learning organisation is useful at the work place can be understood with the help of discussion of its benefits to a firm. The benefits of learning organisation started appearing with the realization of its importance. It is helpful for dealing with different types of challenges that are as follows: Rapid Change: In present competitive environment change is occurring rapidly in all workplaces that in turn forces agencies to quickly adapt work procedures. Development of a learning organisation furnishes organisations with an opportunity to learn through adapting change and other pertinent issues (Belasen 2000). Eroding Knowledge Bases: The current attrition of Federal employees, awaited retirements decreases-in-force are inducing on-going damage to the organizational knowledge bases. This can be resolved with the help of a learning organisation that assist in furthering information exchange and tap expertise from all level employees (Murphy Willmott 2010). As well, it also makes use of technology to support and strengthen information exchange that in turn assists in resolving employees queries and issues. Shifting Focus: Focus of federal agencies is altering from a duty of ensuring compliance to serving customers effectively that also creates different challenges. The creation of a learning organisation will ensure a strategic alignment between customers needs preferences, individual learning, organisational aims, and resource distributions (Coffield 1998). Attainment of strategic alliance is very important as without this it is not possible for a firm to attain its aims and it can be done effectively with the help of development of a learning organisation. Limited Training Resources: The companies overall training budgets are decreasing day-by-day whereas employees also have less time to attend formal training sessions. This affects their growth and as well as company growth. With the help of a learning organisation at workplace, a company can make use of different alternative strategies that may easily incorporate learning into the workplace (Gould Baldwin 2004). These alternative methods are low in cost and are much more effective to furnish a company with all essential training needs of its employees. Evolving Roles of Supervisors: With the increasing diversity in organisations supervisors roles are evolving with an increasing responsibility. Now, supervisors are not only accountable for playing traditional human resource functions as they are also responsible for managing each and every aspect of business and its employees (Belasen 2000). With the development of learning organisation supervisors roles has become much more easy as in this they work as teachers and each employees is empowered to be accountable for their own learning. Management of all the above discussed challenges can be done effectively with the help of a learning organisation. The benefits of learning organisation evidenced that how it is useful in a workplace in regard to management of different aspects and as well as employees continuous learning (Wang Ahmed 2003). Learning Organisation as a Useful Model at Workplace Learning organisation is quite useful model at workplace as it allows a firm with several advantages related to attaining superior performance, improvement in quality, concentrating on customers, for attaining competitive advantage, to manage change, develop committed workforce, and for recognizing assured success and growth (Serra 2009). How a learning organisation work as a useful model at workplace can be understood with the discussion of IBM that makes significant use of learning for attaining above discussed advantages. At IBM, learning is a strategic facilitator of change. It works as an essential tool that helps it in affirming its new go-aheads, re-skills its manpower and appropriates it to handle key market changes and organizational alterations. Its use of learning helps it in developing a learning organisation that in turn works as a useful model at its workplace. IBMs commitment towards learning can be evidenced by its US$750 million annual spending for different learning initiatives (IBMs learning transformation story 2004). This annual spending of IBM is done with a belief that learning organisation enhances its productivity, endows employees and teams to innovate, empowers development of employee potential, and expands organizational knowledge to providers, co-operators and customers. In addition to developing a learning organisation, IBM has also adopted a repetitive procedure of learning transformation that helped it in attaining a leadership in learning. The continuous learning and leadership in organisational learning has enabled IBM to win and continuously grow in present competitive environment. The company success as a learning organisation can also be understood with its efforts towards enhancing learning. IBM operates with a belief of learning anywhere, anytime and on demand. Employees of IBM spend an approximate 17 million hours each year (around 55 hours per employee) in different formal training programs that may be conducted online or in a traditional classroom (IBMs learning transformation story 2004). Previously learning was given through traditional classrooms but now it is mostly conducted online (Belasen 2000). Another substantial belief that helped IBM is its link up of learning with employee retention. Its appropriate learning to its employees assist it in retaining its employees that is most significant issue in present competitive era (Furnham 2005). The continuous learning also assist the company in saving significant costs related to new employees training costs. Being a learning organisation, IBM respects the role that learning plays in attaining organisational effectiveness (IBMs learning transformation story 2004). All efforts of IBM towards becoming a learning organisation or using it as a useful model assist it with several advantages related to organisation, people, technology and knowledge that are as follows: Organization: By making use of leadership organisation as a useful model at its workplace, IBM has become able to attain organisational effectiveness. The company learning strategy facilitates it in attaining its vision. It has also helped the company in developing a leadership that is devoted to the significance of learning and believes in distinctly communicating learning that is essential for organisational success (Serra 2009). Development of appropriate leadership assists employees in identifying the needs, intends and chances for learning. Implying a learning organisation at workplace also helps IBM leaders in creating and maintaining a supportive learning culture for their team members that in turn motivates them towards working at their utmost potential. Continuous learning also helps IBM in making use of effective communication systems that alleviate the lateral information transfer and facts throughout all levels of organisation (Furnham 2005). The continuous learning arouses creativity and brings forth new penetrations and innovative practices at IBM. People: Being a learning organisation, IBM has become able to hire people who are significantly interested in their work and vigorously replicate on their experience. The intense learning had allowed its employees to make use of their understanding and take different initiatives to contribute towards knowledge management (Serra 2009). The different online and traditional learning programs have facilitated IBM with the development of employees as reflective practitioners. By working in a learning organisation all employees of IBM become able to grow their strengths and maximize their learning by getting involved into different learning programs. It also assists the company in creating an environment in which everyone work with cooperation and collaboration so that everyones learning towards working in a much more effective way can be enhanced (Chich-Jen 2011). Knowledge: Another substantial field in which it is beneficial to make use of learning is knowledge. For every learning organisation it is a critical asset as learning is the product of knowledge and its origin (Caldwell 2006). Development of a learning organisation enables an organisation to understand that how it can attain knowledge. Establishing learning organisation at workplace enables knowledge creation through individual to collective approach (Serra 2009). IBM being a learning organisation provides substantial opportunities for company knowledge to be developed and shared with others through social contact and approach to documentation. IBM employees are aware that how they can put specific knowledge in all essential systems for knowledge management (IBMs learning transformation story 2004). All these information and knowledge is not possible if a firm is not a learning organisation. Technology: Another substantial field supported by learning is a firms technology. When a firm, become learning organisation it become able to harness the significance of advanced information and communication technologies. Without having knowledge and empowerment in these technologies it is not possible for a firm to attain its objectives related to knowledge management and learning (Serra 2009). IBM as a learning organisation makes an effective use of information and communication technologies that in turn assist in strengthening its organizational identity, establishing and maintaining learning communities, keep everyone informed and aware of all essential corporate evolutions (Chich-Jen 2011). Additionally, continuous learning at workplace also helps IBM in creating unbelievable and associative linkups between people that in turn furnish access to their creative knowledge and thoughts. It also encourages innovation and originality by sharing and developing a practice of learning from others effective practices (Serra 2009). IBM being a learning organisation provides different opportunities to its employees to learn that how they can make an effective use of advanced information and communication technologies to enhance their knowledge and leaning (IBMs learning transformation story 2004). All the above discussed fields evidence that how IBM is able to use learning at its workplace by continuously investing in learning. The role of learning in IBM can be understood with its importance from last 90 years. From last 90 years, learning is playing a substantial role in driving IBM towards success (IBMs learning transformation story 2004). On the basis of its unified and lined up approach, IBM has furthered and are constantly maintaining effective learning programs for its employees, professional and administrator development. In the year 1915, after four years of IBM incorporation, it established a distinct IBM education department for training and developing all of its employees. Subsequently it was used formally on all its product lines so that employees can be instructed regularly and works effectively by increasing their learning towards their roles and company products and services (John 2002). Afterwards it offered a formal customer education following an IBM Management Development Program. For making employees more effective towards reacting customer requests and queries, the company started an IBM Customer Education Program that shows the company dedication to become a learning organisation (IBMs learning transformation story 2004). All these company management initiatives towards increasing employees learning significantly assist it in developing employees that are highly dedicated towards organisational goals and making innovations with the help of their creative thoughts and maximized sharing (OKeeffe 2002). The learning commenced in its beginning has now enabled company and its employees to operate by considering its future. IBMs focus on learning organisation was significantly useful for it as it assisted it in transforming itself from a hardware company to a recognized service-driven company. This change at company necessitated reorganization and re-skilling of its employees that became easy with the help of continuous learning (Aktharsha Anisa 2011). With learning, it became easy for IBM to align its employees in accordance to its new business models as its employees were dedicated and was ready to change their approach so that business opportunities available to company can be optimized. Throughout their past efforts, IBM has become able to develop dedicated employees and now it has been concentrating on the development of core-competencies and job-related abilities and skills. For improving its employees job-related competencies, the company learning programs target five strategic aspects that are sales, employee development, leadership and management, IT training and training to support business partnerships (IBMs learning transformation story 2004). For developing effective learning programs, the company also employed a learning governance model that helped IBM in setting its learning priorities. The company learning governance model is structured in a way that assures maximum effectiveness of IBMs learning investment. IBMs learning governance model is structured to ensure maximum effectiveness for our learning investment. For developing a learning organisation at workplace IBM governance complies with different aspects like every learning intervention should be integrated and implemented in regard to IBM strategy (Dierkes, Antal, Child Nonaka 2003). Additionally, its focus was on implementing a disciplined approach to enterprise wide learning so that more and more benefits related to organisation, people, technology and knowledge can be attained (IBMs learning transformation story 2004). All these company initiatives towards becoming a learning organisation significantly helped it in attaining all business related objectives. The company success is due to its integrated learning approach. The company management operates with a belief that individual learn in different patterns and on this belief IBM tried to use different educational approaches for increasing its employees learning. The integrated learning approach includes interactive, web-based, collaborative and face-to-face learning (Aktharsha Anisa 2011). Among these the most appropriate method suited to a group can be selected according to their own skills and requirements. Another effort in this direction done by IBM is the development of the IBM Learning Investment Council. For increasing learning at IBM, first of all the employees performance reports and other available reference materials are used that are usually web-based. This appropriates online transfer of information and also provides an access to individual to the material that is pertinent to their job and needs (IBMs learning transformation story 2004). It allows employees to learn at their own pace that in turn create interest among them and motivates them to learn according to their own suitability and abilities (John 2002). In addition to this, learning is also created from interaction, simulation or games that motivated individuals to contribute on real-life situations and endows them with an ability to practice specific competencies at their own speed (OKeeffe 2002). Another significant approach used at IBM for increasing learning is collaborative learning and class-room learning. The approach of IBM towards learning from its initiatives has significantly assisted in it transforming its history that was not possible without its timely learning initiatives (Dierkes, Antal, Child Nonaka 2003). From beginning, the company management was aware with the usefulness of organisational learning at workplace and this is the reason they tried to implement it by undertaking different efforts. The company motivated all its employees to focus on continuous learning so that their skills and abilities can be strengthened (Curado 2006). It was done with a realisation of learnings importance and its usefulness for a firm in the direction of attaining all its pre-determined business goals. With the realization of learnings importance IBM tried to integrate it with its business strategies so that all its efforts can be directed with continuous learning that in turn can provide its employees with an advantage to increase their abilities and skills from time-to-time or according to changes in market and customer needs. Conclusion With the help of above discussion of learning organisation, its benefits and use of learning by IBM it can be said that learning is a useful model for an organisation. Without learning it is not possible for a firm to develop its employees with all essential job-related competencies. Organisation learning at workplace encourages employees to strengthen their skills that in turn direct them towards performing their duties in a much more effective manner (OKeeffe 2002). The success of IBM demonstrates how important and useful organisational learning is at workplace if implemented appropriately. IBM learning initiatives evidences its importance and how it assisted it in transforming its image (Rae 2008). In present competitive environment organisational learning is highly useful as it assist organisations with an ability to develop its employees competencies and skills in accordance to their own requirements related to attaining business aims and objectives.

Conflict :: essays research papers

Jack London’s â€Å"To Build a Fire† and John Updike’s â€Å"A&P† were very different, but interesting stories. Both authors chose a different approach to their chosen tone. Updike wrote in a more laid back and entertaining way, while London, on the other hand, chose to write in a more formal and serious way. The authors also developed much different characters. London’s main character was much older and rugged than the complicated teenage girls and grocery clerk that Updike chose to focus his story around. The most significant difference, however, is the choice of conflict. Updike’s conflict was a simple one focusing on man versus man, but London’s story had many conflicts that dealt with much more serious issues like, for example, life and death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the beginning of both stories one can get an immediate sense of where each story is headed. The author’s very appropriately set the tone to each of their stories early on. The first sentence in London’s â€Å"To Build a Fire† said, â€Å"Day had broken cold and gray, exceedingly cold and gray, when the man turned aside from the main Yukon trail and climbed the high earth-bank, where a dim and little- traveled trail led eastward through the fat spruce timberland† (561). From that very first sentence the audience can immediately tell that this is going to be a dramatic story. The strong and descriptive language prepares us for the rest of the story. The beginning of Updike’s â€Å"A&P† sets a much different tone for the story to follow. He wrote, â€Å"In walks these three girls in nothing but bathing suits. I’m in the third checkout slot, with my back to the door, so I don’t see them until they’re over by the bread. The one that caught my eye first was the one in the plaid green two-piece† (612). The beginning of this story has a relaxed and enjoyable tone. We, the audience, are now prepared for some easy reading.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next, focusing on the characters, we see another big difference. London’s story had very few characters. London took his time and very descriptively developed his main character throughout the entire story. The story is periodically filled with bits about how the unnamed man feels and what he’s thinking. London paid very close attention to how his main character physically felt. For example, he wrote, â€Å"After a time he was aware of the first faraway sensation in his beaten fingers.

Essay --

The GMO it is always a topical theme, on television, on radio, in newspapers, often we talk about this topic so debated and even painful contrast. But before expressing their own opinion and their own thinking, we must understand what it means and what are GMOs. The abbreviation GMO is the achromic of terms: genetically modified organisms. This are non-human organisms whose genetic material has been altered by genetic engineering techniques. The first GMO of the modern era, was obtained from S. N. Cohen and H. Boyer that were able to clone a frog gene. GMOs are produced through biotechnological processes. Biotechnology are techniques that exploit the properties of both plant and animal cells to produce new varieties of plants or animals. Biotechnology is not an invention of recent decades. Simply the process of fermentation of the wine, which is achieved by exploiting some bacteria, is a biotechnology process known since ancient times. In the years between 1997 and 2010 the area of land cultivated with GMOs had a huge increase, we have moved 4.2 million to 365 million hectares. In fact, 10% of the planet’s arable land is used for genetically modified crops. Most of these crops are located in North America, but it should be registered, in recent years, a rapid increase in acreage in so-called developing countries. In the USA in the years 2009/2010, the vast majority of soy (93%), cotton (93%), corn (86&) and sugar beet (95%) have been grown with genetically modified varieties. Data for 2012 published by the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA) show that in Europe there has been a 13% increase of cultivated area (globally, the increase was 6%). The advantages of these techniques are obvious ... ..., unfavorable ones are in my opinion the most important, as closely related to human health. Me and my family for generations we have the Sounterner who use in cultivating fruits and vegetables. This requires a lot of time, desire and care, but the results are incredible. Throught the summer and throught the winter we do not need to buy any fruit or no vegetables at the supermarket. The thing I like most is that we save a lot of money, and we know for sure what we’re going to eat. The only products we use against insects are all-natural products, such as last summer we were invaded by snails. To ensure that they did not eat the plants, we found a remedy: take small bowls, fill them with beer and put them near the plants. It was the first time we have used this technique but it worked! For this I am absolutely opposed to any production of both plant and animal GMOs.

Total Quality Management Essay -- business, TQM, productivity, perform

Before diving into the ideology of Total Quality Management, we need to have an understanding of what the term Quality means. The term quality is frequently used to signify the level of distinction of a product or service. The term ‘Quality’ in some engineering organisations may be used to specify that a piece of metal conforms to a definite physical dimension and characteristics often set down in the form of a particular ‘compact’ specification. The motion of quality development generally and total quality management in particular have become very popular in America during the past three decades. The fierce competitiveness of the global market is the force that generates this motion. As the parallel rebuff of the American economy in the late 190’s became perceptible, many U.S industries started transforming the traditional way of doing business into an organisational approach paying focus on the continuous development so as to become comp etitive. America in the 1980’s embarked on the journey for the Quality development motion journey. The prestigious Malcolm Baldridge national quality award is the most distinguished symbol of America’s quality revolution (Hiam, 1992). Actually, quality has been one the private sector’s principal concentrations for a long time. The fact still remains so today. In the early years of the quality trend, the focus on quality was on quality circles (Barra, 1983), quality control and quality assurance (Ishikawa, 1991). The top plan of many organisations in the private sector’s to improve and develop on quality, productivity and competitive position is the drive for total quality management (TQM) (Hunt, 1992). Since the 1990’s TQM has started to be extensive beyond the private sector ... .... 2. Chartered Quality Institute (2013) Total Quality Management (TQM). [Online] Available from: http://www.thecqi.org/Knowledge-Hub/Resources/Factsheets/Total-quality-management/ Accessed on 21st Oct, 2013. 3. Prof. Bagad, V. S. (2008) ‘Total Quality Management’ in Total Quality Management. India: Sharniwar peth. 4. Tolsma, Denis (2011) ‘Total Quality Management’ in Macro-organizational factors. Switzerland: Geneva. 5. Rawlins, R. A. (2008) ‘Total Quality Management’ in Total Quality Management. Indiana: Bloomington. 6. Phu, V.H. (2011) ‘Historical Evolution of TQM literature’. Total Quality Management Approach to the Information Systems Development Processes: An Empirical Study. 1,2 : 10-11 7. Inc. (2013) Total Quality Management (TQM). [Online] Available from: http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/total-quality-management-tqm.html/2 Accessed on 27th Oct, 2013.

The Natural Approach Stephen Krashen’s Theory of Second Language

THE NATURAL APPROACH Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition â€Å"Language acquisition does not require extensive use of conscious grammatical rules, and does not require tedious drill. † â€Å"Acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the target language – natural communication – in which speakers are concerned not with the form of their utterances but with the messages they are conveying and understanding. † â€Å"The best methods are therefore those that supply ‘comprehensible input' in low anxiety situations, containing messages that students really want to hear.These methods do not force early production in the second language, but allow students to produce when they are ‘ready', recognizing that improvement comes from supplying communicative and comprehensible input, and not from forcing and correcting production. † â€Å"In the real world, conversations with sympathetic native speakers who are willing to hel p the acquirer understand are very helpful. † Introduction Stephen Krashen (University of Southern California) is an expert in the field of linguistics, specializing in theories of language acquisition and development.Much of his recent research has involved the study of non-English and bilingual language acquisition. During the past 20 years, he has published well over 100 books and articles and has been invited to deliver over 300 lectures at universities throughout the United States and Canada. This is a brief description of Krashen's widely known and well accepted theory of second language acquisition, which has had a large impact in all areas of second language research and teaching since the 1980s.The Natural Approach (NA) is a product of Stephen Krashen, an applied linguist at the University of Southern California and Tracy Terrell, a teacher of Spanish in California. Krashen's work on second language acquisition and Terrell's teaching experiences form the bases of the Natural Approach. The principles and practices of this new approach have been published in â€Å"The Natural Approach† (Krashen and Terrell, 1983). The book contains theoretical sections prepared by Krashen and sections on implementation and classroom procedures prepared mostly by Terrell. The most triking proposal of the NA theory is that adults can still acquire second languages and that the ability to ‘pick up' languages does not disappear at puberty. Thus, Krashen's contribution to Chomsky's LAD proposition is that adults follow the same principles of Universal Grammar. The theory behind the NA implies that adults can acquire all but the phonological aspect of any foreign language, by using their ever-active LAD. What makes adults different from children is their abstract problem solving skills that make them consciously process the grammar of a foreign language.Therefore, adults have two paths to follow: Acquisition and learning. However, children have only one: Ac quisition. In their book, Krashen and Terrell refer to their method of picking up ability in another language directly without instruction in its grammar as ‘the traditional approach'. They consider their approach as a traditional one whereas many methodologists consider Grammar Translation Method as the traditional method. For Krashen, even Grammar Translation Method is not as old and traditional as the method of acquiring a language in its natural environment, a method which has been used for hundreds of thousands of years.The term ‘natural' emphasizes that the principles behind the NA are believed to conform to the naturalistic principles found in successful second language acquisition. One may think that the Natural Approach and the Natural Method are similar. The Natural Method (or the Direct Method) and the Natural Approach differ in that the former lays more emphasis on teacher monologues, formal questions and answers, and error correction. Krashen and Terrell not e that â€Å"the Natural Approach is in many ways the natural, direct method ‘rediscovered'[and] it is similar to other communicative approaches being developed today†.The Natural Approach, like TPR, is regarded as a comprehension-based approach because of its emphasis on initial delay(silent period) in the production of language. What is novel is that the NA focuses on exposure to input instead of grammar practice, and on emotional preparedness for acquisition to take place. II. THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE NATURAL APPROACH II. 1. Theory of Language Krashen regards ‘communication' as the main function of language. The focus is on teaching communicative abilities. The superiority of ‘meaning' is emphasized.Krashen and Terrell believe that a language is essentially its lexicon. They stress the importance of vocabulary and view language as a vehicle for ‘communicating meanings' and ‘messages'. According to Krashen, ‘acquisition' can take place on ly when people comprehend messages in the TL. Briefly, the view of language that the Natural Approach presents consists of ‘lexical items', ‘structures' and ‘messages'. The lexicon for both perception and production is considered critical in the organization and interpretation of messages.In Krashen's view, acquisition is the natural assimilation of language rules by using language for communication. This means that linguistic competence is achieved via ‘input' containing structures at the ‘interlanguage + 1' level (i +1); that is, via ‘comprehensible input'. II. 2. Theory of Language Learning (1) The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis Krashen, in his theory of second language acquisition (SLA)suggested that adults have two different ways of developing competence in second languages: Acquisition and learning. â€Å"There are two independent ways of developing ability in second languages. Acquisition' is a subconscious process identical in all import ant ways to the process children utilize in acquiring their first language, †¦ [and] ‘learning' †¦ , [which is] a conscious process that results in ‘knowing about' [the rules of] language† (Krashen 1985:1). The Acquisition-Learning distinction is the most fundamental of all the hypotheses in Krashen's theory and the most widely known among linguists and language practitioners. According to Krashen there are two independent systems of second language performance: ‘the acquired system' and ‘the learned system'.The ‘acquired system' or ‘acquisition' is the product of a subconscious process very similar to the process children undergo when they acquire their first language. It requires meaningful interaction in the target language – natural communication – in which speakers are concentrated not in the form of their utterances, but in the communicative act. The ‘learned system' or ‘learning' is the product of f ormal instruction and it comprises a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge ‘about' the language, for example knowledge of grammar rules.According to Krashen ‘learning' is less important than ‘acquisition'. Krashen believes that the result of learning, learned competence (LC) functions as a monitor or editor. That is, while AC is responsible for our fluent production of sentences, LC makes correction on these sentences either before or after their production. This kind of conscious grammar correction, ‘monitoring', occurs most typically in a grammar exam where the learner has enough time to focus on form and to make use of his conscious knowledge of grammar rules (LC) as an aid to ‘acquired competence'.The way to develop learned competence is fairly easy: analysing the grammar rules consciously and practising them through exercises. But what Acquisition / Learning Distinction Hypothesis predicts is that learning the grammar rules of a fo reign/second language does not result in subconscious acquisition. In other words, what you consciously learn does not necessarily become subconsciously acquired through conscious practice, grammar exercises and the like. Krashen formulates this idea in his well-known statement that â€Å"learning does not became acquisition†.It is at this point where Krashen receives major criticism. (2) The Natural Order Hypothesis According to the hypothesis, the acquisition of grammatical structures proceeds in a predicted progression. Certain grammatical structures or morphemes are acquired before others in first language acquisition and there is a similar natural order in SLA. The average order of acquisition of grammatical morphemes for English as an ‘acquired' language is given below: -Ing——–Aux———Irregular——Regular Past Plural—–>Article—->Past———->3rd Sing.The implication of natura l order is not that second or foreign language teaching materials should be arranged in accordance with this sequence but that acquisition is subconscious and free from conscious intervention (Ellidokuzoglu, 1992). (3) The Input Hypothesis This hypothesis relates to acquisition, not to learning. Krashen claims that people acquire language best by understanding input that is a little beyond their present level of competence. Consequently, Krashen believes that ‘comprehensible input' (that is, i + 1) should be provided. The ‘input' should be relevant and ‘not grammatically sequenced'.The ‘input' should also be in sufficient quantity as Richards pointed out: â€Å".. child acquirers of a first language are provided with samples of ‘caretaker' speech, rough – tuned to their present level of understanding, .. [and] adult acquirers of a second language [should be] provided with simple codes that facilitate second language comprehension. † (Richa rds, J. 1986:133) (4) The Monitor Hypothesis As is mentioned, adult second language learners have two means for internalising the target language. The first is ‘acquisition' which is a subconscious and intuitive process of constructing the system of a language.The second means is a conscious learning process in which learners attend to form, figure out rules and are generally aware of their own process. The ‘monitor' is an aspect of this second process. It edits and make alterations or corrections as they are consciously perceived. Krashen believes that ‘fluency' in second language performance is due to ‘what we have acquired', not ‘what we have learned': Adults should do as much acquiring as possible for the purpose of achieving communicative fluency. Therefore, the monitor should have only a minor role in the process of gaining communicative competence.Similarly, Krashen suggests three conditions for its use: (1) there must be enough time; (2) the foc us must be on form and not on meaning; (3) the learner must know the rule. (5) The Affective Filter Hypothesis The learner's emotional state, according to Krashen, is just like an adjustable filter which freely passes or hinders input necessary to acquisition. In other words, input must be achieved in low-anxiety contexts since acquirers with a low affective filter receive more input and interact with confidence. The filter is ‘affective' because there are some factors which regulate its strength.These factors are self-confidence, motivation and anxiety state. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   LANGUAGE LEARNING The expression â€Å"language learning† includes two clearly distinct, though rarely understood, concepts. One involves receiving information about the language, transforming it into knowledge through intellectual effort and storing it through memorization. The other involves developing the skill of interacting with foreigners to understand and speak their la nguage. The first concept is called â€Å"language learning,† while the other is referred to as â€Å"language acquisition. These are separate ideas and we will show that neither is the consequence of the other. The distinction between acquisition and learning is one of the hypotheses (the most important) established by the American Stephen Krashen in his highly regarded theory of foreign language learning. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Language acquisition refers to the process of natural assimilation, involving intuition and subconscious learning, which is the product of real interactions between people where the learner is an active participant.It is similar to the way children learn their native tongue, a process that produces functional skill in the spoken language without theoretical knowledge; develops familiarity with the phonetic characteristics of the language as well as its structure and vocabulary, is responsible for oral understanding, the capability for creative communi cation and for the identification of cultural values. Teaching and learning are viewed as activities that happen in a personal psychological plane.The acquisition approach praises the communicative act and develops self-confidence in the learner. A classic example of language acquisition involves adolescents and young adults who live abroad for a year in an exchange program, attaining near native fluency, while knowing little about the language in the majority of cases. They have a good pronunciation without a notion of phonology, don't know what the perfect tense is, modal or phrasal verbs are, but they intuitively recognize and know how to use all the structures. LANGUAGE LEARNINGThe concept of language learning is linked to the traditional approach to the study of languages and today is still generally practiced in high schools worldwide. Attention is focused on the language in its written form and the objective is for the student to understand the structure and rules of the lang uage through the application of intellect and logical deductive reasoning. The form is of greater importance than communication. Teaching and learning are technical and governed by a formal instructional plan with a predetermined syllabus.One studies the theory in the absence of the practical. One values the correct and represses the incorrect. There is little room for spontaneity. The teacher is an authority figure and the participation of the student is predominantly passive. In the teaching of English, for example, one studies the function of the interrogative and negative modes, irregular verbs, modals, etc. The student learns to construct sentences in the perfect tense, but only learns with difficulty when to use it.It's a progressive and cumulative process, normally tied to a preset syllabus that includes memorization of vocabulary and seeks to transmit to the student knowledge about the language, its functioning and grammatical structure with its irregularities, its contrasts with the student's native language, knowledge that one hopes will become the practical skills of understanding and speaking the language. This effort of accumulating knowledge becomes frustrating because of the lack of familiarity with the language. Innumerable graduates with arts degrees in English are classic examples of language learning.They often are trained and theoretically able to teach a language that they can communicate in only with extreme difficulty. INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACQUISITION AND LEARNING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS The clear understanding of the differences between acquisition and learning makes it possible to investigate their interrelationships as well as the implications for the teaching of languages. First, we ought to consider that languages, in general, are complex, arbitrary, irregular phenomena, full of ambiguities, in constant random and uncontrollable evolution.Therefore, the grammatical structure of a language can be too complex and abstract to be cate gorized and defined by rules. Even if some partial knowledge of the functioning of the language is reached, it is not easily transformed into communication skills. What happens in fact is a dependency predominantly opposite: to understand the functioning of a language as a system and to understand its irregularities is a function of familiarity with it. Rules and exercises only will make sense when we have already developed solid intuitive control of the language in its oral form, that is, when we have assimilated it.On the other hand, Krashen admits that the knowledge obtained through formal study (language learning) can serve to monitor speaking. Krashen, however, doesn't specify the language that would be the object of study, but he was probably using the study of Spanish as the basis for his inferences and conclusions because it is the dominant foreign language in the United States, and particularly in the state of California, where Professor Krashen lives and works.Therefore, i t is necessary to explore the degrees of irregularity and difficulty of the target language and how that affects Krashen's theory. THE DEGREE OF PHONETIC SIGNALING IN THE LANGUAGE AND THE INEFFICIENCY OF LEARNING: It's also easy to assess the degree of phonetic signalling of languages and understand the importance that that aspect has. If we analyse and compare Spanish and Portuguese with English, we conclude that there is a significant difference, being English considerably more economical and compact than the Romance languages.This means a greater difficulty in achieving oral proficiency in the target language when going from Portuguese or Spanish to English than going the opposite direction. It also means that more time needs to be devoted to the practice of the spoken language (especially listening) and less time spent on the study of text and grammatical items. |Let's-work. (2) |  (5) Va-mos-tra-ba-lhar. | |I-like-be-er. (4) |  (7) Eu-gos-to-de-cer-ve-ja. | |A-brick-house. (3) |  (8) U-ma-ca-sa-de-ti-jo-los. |Help-me-please. (3) |  (7) A-ju-de-me-por-fa-vor. | |How-old-are-you? (4) |  (7) Quan-tos-a-nos-vo-ce-tem? | |Where-is-the-bath-room? (5) |  (8) On-de-fi-ca-o-ba-nhei-ro? | |I-want-cof-fee-with-milk. (6) |  (8) Eu-que-ro-ca-fe-com-lei-te. | |Did-you-watch-that-mo-vie? (6) |(10) Vo-ce-as-sis-tiu-a-que-le-fil-me? |Third-world-coun-tries-are-             |(24) Os-pa-i-ses-do-ter-cei-ro-mun-do- es-tao- | |  fac-ing-e-co-no-mic-pro-blems. (13) |en-fren-tan-do-pro-ble-mas-e-co-no-mi-cos. | |TOTAL: 46 silabas |84 silabas | |35,3% |64,6% | ac-cess   /   a-ces-so |me-thod   /   me-to-do | |a-gri-cul-ture   /   a-gri-cul-tu-ra |mu-sic   /   mu-si-ca | |air-plane   /   a-vi-ao |na-ture   /   na-tu-re-za | |ca-len-dar   /   ca-len-da-rio |o-cean   /   o-ce-a-no | |cho-co-late   /   cho-co-la-te |po-li-tics   /   po-li-ti-ca | |ci-ty   /   ci-da-de |prin-ter   / m-pres-so-ra | |com-pu-te r   /   com-pu-ta-dor |pro-cess   /   pro-ces-so | |cre-a-tive   /   cri-a-ti-vo |pro-ject   /   pro-je-to | |de-part-ment   /   de-par-ta-men-to |psy-cho-lo-gy   /   psi-co-lo-gi-a | |dif-ference   /   di-fe-ren-ca |pu-blic   /   pu-bli-co | |gram-mar   /   gra-ma-ti-ca |qua-li-ty   /   qua-li-da-de | |im-por-tant   /   im-por-tan-te |stu-dent   /   es-tu-dan-te | |in-tel-li-gent   /   in-te-li-gen-te |te-le-phone   /   te-le-fo-ne | |ma-chine   /   ma-qui-na |trans-port   /   trans-por-te | |mo-dern   /   mo-der-no |ur-gent   /   ur-gen-te | WORD STRESSING:The unpredictability of word stressing in English and the absence of any indication of stress from spelling is another element to demonstrate that Krashen's arguments acquire even greater strength. There are many other points of contrast between English and Spanish that show the greater degree of irregularity and difficulty of English. The fact is that e ven with a target language with a large degree of regularity such as Spanish, the contribution of learning will only be effective and durable if the student simultaneously develops familiarity and skill with the language in natural environments. |(stress on the last syllable)   |hotel, control, police, improve, exchange, etc. only two-syllable | | |words) | |(stress on one before the last)   |video, English, important, united, revolution, etc. | |(stress on two before the last)   |excellent, hospital, government, photograph, photographer, etc. | |stress on three before the last |approximately, significantly, intelligible, objectionable, etc. | |double stress |approximation, refrigerator, characteristic, category, necessary, | |   |dictionary, fundamental, introductory, etc. | ———————– [pic]

A Documentary Film

In new-fangled world, amicable dimensions ar manifested in the ability of media to control the circulation of ideas to the highest degree economic and political events, loving problems and honest issue.Documentary charters play a special office staff in makemaking unveiling vital problems of moderne mankind or informing the interview about historical or social events, outstanding personalities and their historical significance.It is known point that flock copy or usurp their identities from the media, and actually often social images atomic number 18 misrepresented and just exploited by the media. In this case, the aim of objective writing style is to inform the audience about actual problems and social troubles. The musical style of docudrama appeared at the beginning of XX century.The documentary film movement had a great seismic disturbance on filmmaking during the 1930s and 1940s, and was a reception to social and economic conditions faced by many nations around the world.Taking into account British filmmaking, critics suggest that the movement and its leader compete a pivotal role in stifling the growth of a small British film culture, and in establishing a realist paradigm which critically marginalised the avant-garde (Aitken, 1998, p. 1). acquire the message across, not just with ascetic lectures but getting the properly images as well documentaries can sing volumes to a greater number of great deal across the globe. Where documentaries are largely answerable for promoting the culture, one can still faith their power to reverse it to bring a certain outlook of current events avoiding unnecessary blames and aggression.There are no strict guidelines for producers to follow. Alan Rosenthal (2002) admits that In the last twenty years, tremendous changes exhaust taken place in documentary and non apologue filmmaking, including changes in subject matter, form, and the very way in which documentaries and industrial films are ma de (p.1).In general, the main idea of the documentary is to portray the real social and historical images and social problems. According to Michelson (1984) In fact, the film is only the sum of the facts recorded on film, or, if you like, not merely the sum, but the product, a higher mathematics of facts (Michelson 198484 cited Bruzzi, 2000, P. 11).The documentary genre is based on the idea to throw the received representation of the real (Bruzzi, 2000, p. 9). This is achieved through and through specific techniques and methods which help to recreate authentic atmosphere in order to challenge to emotions of viewers and their feelings through emotional tensity and deep experience.The remarkable feature of modern documentary films is that producers select techniques and cinematographic tools according to temporary hookup development and meaning of the film. Usually, the plot mental synthesis of documentaries is clearly set out, with few diversions of sub-plot and with sanely ob vious contrasts of characters.It can consist of several(prenominal) frames which force the viewer to rethink the events and find out them in a different musical mode according to behavior and thoughts of the narrator (Bruzzi, 2000).Similar to fiction genre, the main thematic elements of documentaries include nucleotide and focus which frame events and facts depicted in the film. The themes of documentaries can be interpreted as responses towards problems and issues under discussion.Evaluating the themes, producers try to unveil distinguished problems which marked the film. For instance, in the documentary bowl for Columbine, Michael Moore portrays extreme violence and antagonism of modern youth toward other people based on wrong media images and social indifference.

How to Read like a Professor

Blake Allen How to Read Literature similar a Professor Foster Allen Introduction memory symbolisation pattern These basic examples of literary analysis mickle be found in most writings from Lices Adventures in Wonderland to Paper town. Every Trip is a Quest a sequester, a place to go, a stated sympathy, challenges and trials en r erupte, and a real reason real reason is unceasingly self- existledge In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo goes to the Caplet company because his friends dragged him along nevertheless the real reason was so that he could meet Juliet. Nice to eat with you whe neer batch eat or drink together, its communion nominally of every ane is food ND conclusion/ biography In The Great Gatsby when Tom Buchanan takes Nick Caraway out to drink with his friends, we learn just how pubic Toms feeling really is. Nice to eat You Vampires selfishness, exploitation, a refusal to honour the autonomy of other people Ghosts and vampires atomic number 18 never only nearly ghosts and vampires older write in code representing cocker values virginal female strapping her youth, energy, meritoriousness continuance of life for the old male goal/destruction of female In The Scarlet Letter, Roger Chlorinating gage be conside personnel casualty a vampire haunting Hester.He wants strike back for his wifes betrayal. He is a scholar and uses his knowledge to inter himself as a doctor, intent on disc everyplaceing and tormenting Hester unidentified extolr instead of revealing himself for years. Where have I mindn Her Before on that time periods no such keep downg as a wholly original fail of publications theres only one story Characters must be great in their own right in the prototypical place being compargond to more famous subjects I consort Jane Ere to Hester from The Scarlet Letter because while both Characters shadower stand tall on their own they rely a man to stand with them and for them.Its from Shakespeare in time in just everyday speech we use Shakespeare- To thin own self be true sounds smarter, gives empowerment In the film Band of Brothers the Saint Crisping mean solar day Speech from Henry V becomes the inspiration for the team to carry on. We few, we happy few, we band of brothers Or The countersign Innocence, The Fall, serpents, apples, gardens, Timelessness, archetypal In Everlasting Tuck there are several times when a point of reference is led only by a secluded fire in the distance much like the Israelites were led in the exodus of Egypt.Handled and Graduated slang stories build the basis of our themes Their usually to the highest degree moral philosophy Sleeping Beauty can be construe to mean a girl avoiding growing up by sleeping until a prince comes to rescue her from childhood. Its Hellenic to Me myth is a body of story that matters-patterns commonality to usual life Johnny Terrain, a character set after Paul Revere, had an Achilles heal that has crippled so many characters and people ali ke Fear. Even when a trust- pricey doctor turneders to fix his wound hand, he is similarly afraid to admit the accuracy of how he injured himself.More than Just Rain Its never just rain-cleansing, death, rebirth, desolation, replenishment Jane Ere is always the personification of the weather, whether its a cloudy foreshadowing or a red dawn screw a burning castle. never Stand Next to the Hero action always leads to change-grow, learn, mature Characters are not people They are products of writers and submiters imagination Charge of the Light Brigade depicts a loyal brigade that, withal when it is clear that they are going to die, give their abides when their leader is given a mistaken order to charge on. .. More than Its gold coast Hurt You Character caused-shooting, stabbing, bombing (moves plot) Author caused-meaning behind shooting stabbing Meaning behind) When Jeanie has to shoot tea leaf streak in Their eyes were Watching deity she waited until he tried to shoot her four times, as the first three were blanks it didnt entirely set in too her that it was her life or Tea Cakes and the particular that she waited for the fourth shot whitethorn have meant she treasured to die with tea saloon then live without him.Its All Political Political writing-writing that engages the realities of its universe A Christmas Carol and Oliver Twist are strong examples of the moving picture of the need for public services in 1 sass England Shes a Christ figure, too mounded hands, feet, side, self-sacrifice, best with children, carpenter, forgiving, redeemer Gangland in Lord of the sound can be a Christ figure because he scarifies himself with his arms out stretched to save the world from the wrath of Sorry and is resurrected to continue to help Bilbo Basins destruct the ring.Flights of Fancy Flight is Freedom irony trumps everything In the The myth of Deals and Cirrus, Deals made wings for himself and his son scarcely his sun flew to high and was burnt up by the sun, Apollo, then he fell into the ocean. Its All about Sex.. nothing isnt a sex implication In Jane Ere she is much depicted in relation to broad rolling landscapes while inside the tall noble-minded castle of Edward Rochester. Except Sex Sex is about pleasure, love, sacrifice, and/or submission When Jeanie first discovers sex to a lower place the pear tree feels sets a standard of love for the rest of her life and compares all men to her first time Geography matters Where? -location in relation to hills, valleys, chasms, mountains, seas, islands, people, north, south, east, westbound space taken up or empty when writers send characters south, its So they can run insane The location OfGenies central office throughout the book gives a relation of how society saw her status the median(a) life at nannys and Logan Clicks were ground level homes, at Judos, her room was on the second story of her home so that purge when she slept she was above the townspeople, and with Tea Cake she was below sea-level as she and tea cake didnt own anything. So Does Season New life, adulthood, harvest, death spring, summer, fall, winter In Jane Ere, the death-white realms of the arctic that Beck describes is death to a girl aching for freedom Marked for illustriousness When a character is flawed, forciblely or otherwise, it is often a mark that will lead to fame even if its in infamy. Cackles heal, perhaps the most well cognise flaw of Greek tragedy, caused the sudden, dramatic downfall of one of the greatest heroes of literature.Hes blind for a reason mammalian Jones principle if you want your audience to know something important about your character, introduce it early/ A character may chose to ignore or may be vile of clearly known facts to the immortalizeer this is blindness Jeanie forces herself to not see the sickness Tea Cake has until he rises to shot her the fourth time and she knows that she cannot ignore that life is really threatened. Its Never Just a gis t Disease Illness is usually a physical manifestation of inner struggle or pain. 1. Not all diseases are equal 2. It should be picturesque 3. Hysterics origin 4. Strong symbolical potential On his death bed, Joe Starks says he did everything he did for Jeanie so that when he was gone she would inherit all he control so that she could sit the high-throne he built for her even after his death. Dont Read With Your Eyes Analyze with your brain, read through their eyes see what they see and know hat you know Can this person be saved In Shakespearean Romeo and Juliet, when both Romeo and Juliet see that their respective lover is dead they both in person decide that life sin t worth the living.This is a particular contrast in Romeo, as at the beginning, Romeo was in deep grief over another girl but not to the point of suicide. Its my Symbol and Ill cry if I Want too use what you know, every work teaches us how to read it as we go along, you know more than you recover you do Everything i s a symbol In creature originate there is symbolism in the wind generator. The wind footle represents the exploitation of the dim-witted animals by the pigs.As the pigs feast, learn, and keep strong most of the animals are starving, have given up on learning and are freezing but never do they question the pigs because when they complete the mill they will have all of that. Is He serious-minded? And Other Ironies irony gives a second, third. storey to text irony may not work for everyone some miss it The irony of Animal Farm is that, though the animals had revolted due to unfair treatment by humans, in the end the majority were worse off than ever before.